Cryo-scanning electron microscopy of mushroom tissue

Cryo field emission scanning electron microscopy.

Low-temperature scanning electron microscopy (cryoSEM) was introduced in the early 1970s, shortly after the appearance of the first commercial scanning electron microscopes. This technique has been utilized widely in plant biology, the food and paper industry, X-ray analytical studies, and material sciences (8). Major advantages of cryoSEM include being able to avoid deleterious changes associa...

Cohomology of Cryo-Electron Microscopy

The goal of cryo-electron microscopy (EM) is to reconstruct the 3-dimensional structure of a molecule from a collection of its 2-dimensional projected images. In this paper, we show that the basic premise of cryo-EM—patching together 2-dimensional projections to reconstruct a 3-dimensional object—is naturally one of Čech cohomology with SO(2)-coefficients. We deduce that every cryoEM reconstruc...

Mathematics for cryo - electron microscopy

Single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has recently joined X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy as a high-resolution structural method for biological macromolecules. Cryo-EM was selected by Nature Methods as Method of the Year 2015, large scale investments in cryo-EM facilities are being made all over the world, and the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2017 was awarded to Jacques Dubo...

The Development of Cryo-electron Microscopy

Sinogram Denoising of Cryo-Electron Microscopy Images

Cryo-electron microscopy has recently been recognized as a useful alternative to obtain three-dimensional density maps of macromolecular complexes, especially when crystallography and NMR techniques fail. The three-dimensional model is constructed from large collections of cryo-electron microscopy images of identical particles in random (and unknown) orientations. The major problem with cryo-el...